Reflective writing baased on Full Body burden Essay

Intelligent composing baased on Full Body trouble - Essay Example Additionally, Kristine gives perusers her stretch at the weaponry office where she was utilized to work for a brief length of time. In as much as a few ideas are obvious in the book, it is essential to investigate the realities and fictions that came out through Karen’s portrayal of the Colorado plant. Reality is characterized as a thing that is known and has been demonstrated valid while fiction is something that isn't right and false. While growing up and working for Rocky Plants atomic weapon, Kristine experienced various difficulties and encounters; some are realities while others are fictions (Iversen 3). I find that Kristine’s portrayal adjusted among realities and fictions that assist perusers with having a similar perspective. The writer genuinely uncovers her own life to perusers in an open way. The occasions that encompassed her own life, for example, having a heavy drinker father and working at the atomic manufacturing plant molded her life and gave her the e ncounters she expected to compose the book. I consider the disclosure of these privileged insights significant for the advancement of the story since they were real (Iversen 31). As per Kristine, she got the data required for the advancement of the book from the meetings she led on the individuals, both from the area and from the plant. This is invented in light of the fact that she doesn't reveal to us the techniques she utilized for the meetings. Moreover, she is making careful effort to show how she substantiated the information. The delineations are authentic in light of the fact that they depend on encounters. This is on the grounds that it is a first individual portrayal. She was at a similar spot where occasions were occurring. I think that its precarious to decide realities in a circumstance where the individuals to be met have ambiguous recollections. Thus, I accept that the author’s memory of her family’s recollections is bogus. This is owing to the way that she legitimately cited a portion of the discussions she had with individuals from the family. She called attention to precisely what her sister was doing while on her date. This is fiction in light of the fact that the creator neglects to announce that she talked with her sister. Conventionally, this can't be verifiable on the grounds that the time length can't permit people to review the specific words said over 10 years prior. This is on the grounds that she went through twelve years chipping away at the book (Iversen 301). Kristine takes us through the exposed realities concerning the plant while uncovering the once concealed insider facts about the atomic plant. The administration had at first deceived the residents of Colorado about the dealings of the plant. Be that as it may, when Kristine uncovered the harms that the general condition had experienced because of atomic weapons removal by the production line, it unveiled the stunning concealment by the US government. Furthermo re, the radiations from the processing plant caused hurt not exclusively to nature yet in addition to human wellbeing. This is on the grounds that few individuals were determined to have malignant growth. The industrial facility was shut on account of these disclosures. I find such sort of exposure by the creator real. Something else, the industrial facility would at present be working had the accounts been invented. A vital part of the book is depicted in section sixteen. The creator features the decay of a family. Kristine uncovers the enthusiastic disengage that her family had with their alcoholic dad. This liquor abuse nearly caused them their lives when her dad was driving when inebriated. In spite of the fact that the author’s father was a legal counselor, he continually confronted issue with the law due to

ASSIGNMENT Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Task - Annotated Bibliography Example two years uncovered that the understudies had higher accomplishments in appreciation perusing, jargon perusing, and calculation of science, language articulation and better cooperation with different understudies. The crippled understudies were more acknowledged than it was in the convention school. The skilled understudies are additionally observed to perform well than it was before the task. The truly impaired understudies are increasingly valued by their friends and this causes them to investigate their latent capacity. They can do a great deal of work and accomplish more than their friends who are not impeded. The creator inquire about unmistakably delineates that collaboration among educators, parent, and youngsters impacts emphatically on the improvement of the kid and their accomplishment. The creator has additionally brought up that the genuinely debilitated understudies can progress nicely in the event that they are not separated fro others. There is no contrast between the truly tested understudy and the ordinary understudies when all are dealt with similarly. The exploration is altogether functional since it utilize the understudies as the subject just as the crowd. The subsequent article was investigating the impacts of companion joint effort on youngsters math and self managed learning aptitudes. Friend cooperation bunches were thought about utilizing the conventional technique and the autonomous strategy to survey the progressions among the kids. The advancement of the understudies was controlled according to their observations, capacity in number-crunching, self managed learning in science, just as quantitative ideas. The results of the test uncover cap there is no critical change in surveying between showing strategies while evaluating number juggling in count and aggregate. Companion joint effort is compelling than free and customary work for students’ inborn inspiration. In the examination, the creator has focused on the association of the companions in their investigations. Friend bunches inspire one another, and most school ought to receive bunch learning frameworks to propel their understudies. The

SIPA Diversity Symposium this Friday COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPA Diversity Symposium this Friday COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Diversity is true to our heart at SIPA.   In SIPAs two-year programs, 59% are women and 41% are men.   Over 26% self-identified themselves as students of color and half are international students.   In all, SIPA has a diverse student population when viewed through the lens of international and women students.   We have stayed relatively consistent over the past few years in attracting domestic applicants who identified themselves as persons of color.   However, our goal is to continue to strengthen our diverse student profile. The Office of Admissions and Financial Aid is hosting our 2nd Annual Diversity Symposium on December 13th (tomorrow).   Prospective graduate students are invited to attend to learn more about SIPAs Master of Public Administration (MPA) and Master of International Affairs (MIA) degree programs.   This will also be an opportunity for participants to discuss issues of diversity and representation in highly sought-after graduate programs like ours.   The symposium will highlight SIPAs mission to develop world class leaders who are committed to solving problems in a rapidly changing world. Faculty, current SIPA students, SIPA alumni and prospective students will gather to discuss and expand on opportunities for new, innovative and dynamic leadership in international and domestic policies. Seats are limited.   If you are interested in attending, please RSVP or contact the Admissions Office at 212-854.6216.

Impression Counts - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 521 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/09/25 Category Statistics Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? LaToya Fraser September 15, 2010 English 1101 Style # 1 First Impression Counts First impressions can make or break you in less than a second. People fail to realize that you only get one first impression, which can sometimes affect you for the rest of your life. The adage â€Å"The first impression is always the best,† tells you first impressions are always important and can a lot about a person. First impressions are very important and consist of three things: personal appearance, behavior, and body language. When going on a job interview you want to be fully prepared for your interview. The first thing you do is make sure your personal appearance is appropriate since you only get one chance to make a good impression. To make a good impression at a job interview you must make sure you look the part. Your personal appearance is the first thing the employer sees. By wearing the appropriate clothing and carrying yourself professionally during the job interview, lets them know how serious you are about getting the job. Your behavior is also a factor when it comes to first impressions. You can learn many things about a person from their behavior. For instance, if a person is nervous at a job interview or meeting someone for the first time, their behavior tends to come off wrong in front of the person they are trying to impress. They intend to be someone they are not instead of just being their self in front of people. The best way to be you is by going into the interview with confidence, good eye contact, and also very good body language. Body language is the last and most important part of a first impression. When it comes to body language you want to make sure you have good posture and make good eye contact while being interviewed. For example, when you take a seat you want to make sure you are sitting up straight and not slouching. When sitting up straight at your job interview you show that you are confident and interested. Another impo rtant body language is eye contact, it is important to make direct eye contact at a job interview. Eye contact also shows confidence and honesty. When you intend to make less eye contact it either indicates that you’re nervous or you have no interest in the interview. Making a good impression at a job interview is very important because in the end it determines if you get the job or not. In conclusion, a first impression can be good or bad. A first impression is something everyone takes seriously or makes people think different about someone. First impressions are not always a bad thing because it lets people get to see the real you. If people get to see the real you it would not take as long for them to open up you. If they do not see the real you it may take longer for that person to accept you for you. To make a good first impressions remember to relax and remember your personal appearance, behavior, and body language also makes your impression count. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Impression Counts" essay for you Create order

Personal Ethics Paper - 883 Words

Personal Ethics Paper Fernando De La Peà ±a Llaca CMGT/530 April 11, 2011 Thomas Poole Personal Ethics Paper Ethics plays a big role in my life and also in my company, skip ethics in any situation can means a shortcut, a shortcut to a dead-end. Ethics is the way the morale and values prevail and using ethics in life brings big rewards. Because I am beginning a new stage in my life, especially in my academic life taking a master’s degree at University of Phoenix there is no difference; ethics will play a big role in this stage of personal improvement. The Student Code of Academic Integrity is a guide to understand the code of ethics of the university and match this ethics with my own principles to apply it during my studies at†¦show more content†¦So it is not something that I pretend to do and also is not something that I can suggest to any student. Copyright infringement for me, because I have some patents, is like somebody using my inventions without permission. It is stealing something that is intellectual property and as I described in the beginning, creating something takes too much hard workand is not fair that somebody uses it without proper authorization. Conclusion Ethics is something that defines us like human beings because we use honor like a tool trying not to use a personal code of ethics is like not acting like humans. Because we are in a university again, using our personal code of ethics with the university Student Code of Academic Integrity will make us at the end better human beings. Reference Phoenix, U. (2011). Student Code of Academic Integrity. Student Code of Academic Integrity, 1(1),Show MoreRelatedPersonal Ethics Paper1095 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Ethics Development Paper Personal Ethics Development Paper At birth we are essentially a bare slate. At this time in our lives, we have learned nothing. Our only ability is to cry when we require nourishment or the need for individual vigilance and solace arises. 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This paper looks into how personal values, organizationalRead More Cultural Values and Personal Ethics Paper1361 Words   |  6 PagesCultural Values and Personal Ethics Paper Personal, organizational, and cultural values are the basis of an individuals personal and professional decision-making style. These values are the key ingredients that make up our core beliefs. Values are ideas that are actions which could be right or wrong, good or bad that are the basis of human action (Tosi 2000). Personal values might also be called morality, since they reflect general expectations of any person in any society, acting in any capacityRead MorePersonal Worldview Business Ethics Paper1821 Words   |  8 PagesPersonal Worldview amp; Business Ethics Paper Liberty University BMAL 560 January 25, 2015 STEP 1 To what extent should personal religious beliefs impact our decisions about business ethics? Personal religious beliefs should impact all decisions about business ethics. 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Prom Nights from Hell Chapter Seven Free Essays

â€Å"He didn’t even know you were there,† Sibby said. â€Å"He never even knew who hit him.† â€Å"That was the idea. We will write a custom essay sample on Prom Nights from Hell Chapter Seven or any similar topic only for you Order Now † They were parked next to an abandoned Amtrak maintenance building on an old part of the train tracks that was completely hidden from the street. It was the place Miranda had started coming seven months earlier to work out all her new crazy energy and try things she couldn’t practice anywhere else-Roller Derby was great for speed, balance, gymnastics, and shoving moves, but you weren’t supposed to use advanced judo. Or weapons. She could make out marks from her last crossbow exercise on the side of the building, and the piece of railroad track she’d tied in a knot the day after Will rejected her was still lying on the ground. She’d never seen anyone else here, and she was sure she and Sibby would be pretty much invisible as long as they stayed parked. â€Å"Where did you learn to knock people out like that?† Sibby asked, sprawled out over the backseat. â€Å"Can you teach me?† â€Å"No.† â€Å"Why not? Just one move?† â€Å"Absolutely not.† â€Å"Why did you say you were sorry after you hit him?† Miranda swiveled to face her. â€Å"It’s my turn to ask questions. Who wants to kill you and why?† â€Å"Gods, I don’t know. It could be a ton of people. It’s not like that, how you think it is.† â€Å"What’s it like then?† â€Å"It’s complicated. But if we can just hang out until four in the morning, there’s a place I can go.† â€Å"That’s six hours from now.† â€Å"That’ll give me time for at least ten more kisses.† â€Å"Well, of course. What else would you do while someone is trying to kill you besides go out and tongue tango with as many strangers as possible?† â€Å"They weren’t trying to kill me, they were trying to abduct me. It’s totally different. Come on, I want to do something fun. Something with boys.† â€Å"Or we could not do that.† â€Å"Look, just because you are a founding member of Down with Fun Inc. doesn’t mean that the rest of us want to sign up.† â€Å"I am not a founding member of Down with Fun Inc. I like fun. But-â€Å" â€Å"Funkiller.† † – somehow the idea of wandering around while ‘a ton of people’ are trying to kidnap you, doesn’t sound fun to me. It sounds like a good way to get into the Guinness Book of World Records under ‘Plan, comma, World’s Most Stupid. Plus innocent bystanders could get caught in the middle when the ton of people find you.† â€Å"‘If, not ‘when. And they don’t care about anyone but me.† Miranda rolled her eyes and turned back around. â€Å"That’s why they’re called innocent bystanders. Because they were standing by you and accidentally got hurt.† â€Å"Then you should definitely get away from me. Seriously, although there’s nothing I’d rather do than sit parked in a homeless person’s bathroom for six hours with only you for company, I think it would be safer for both of us if I take my chances elsewhere. Like at that ice cream place we passed on the way here. Did you see the lips on the guy behind the counter? They were mythic. Drop me there and I’ll be all set.† â€Å"You’re so not going anywhere.† â€Å"Really? Because that sound you hear? Is me reaching for the door handle.† â€Å"Really? Because that sound you hear? Is me engaging the child lock.† In the rearview mirror, Miranda saw Sibby’s eyes blaze. â€Å"You’re really mean,† Sibby said. â€Å"Something horrible must have happened to you to make you so mean.† â€Å"I’m not mean. I’m just trying to keep you safe.† â€Å"Are you sure it’s me you’re thinking about? Not some skeleton in your closet? Like the time you-â€Å" Miranda turned up the radio. â€Å"Turn that down! I was talking and I’m the customer.† â€Å"Not anymore.† Sibby yelled really loud, â€Å"What happened to your sister?† â€Å"I don’t know what you are talking about,† Miranda yelled back. â€Å"That’s a lie.† Miranda didn’t say anything. â€Å"I asked you before if you had a sister and you got all teary,† Sibby shouted in her ear. â€Å"Why won’t you tell me?† Miranda turned down the radio. â€Å"Can you give me three good reasons why I should?† â€Å"It might make you feel better. It would give us something to talk about while we sit here. And if you don’t tell me, I’m going to start guessing.† Miranda leaned her head back, checked her watch, and turned to stare out the window. â€Å"Be my guest.† â€Å"You bugged her so much she left? You bored her so much she left? Or did you drive her away with the huge stick you keep up your butt?† â€Å"Stop being tender with my feelings. Go on, tell me what you really think.† From the backseat Sibby said, â€Å"That might have been too mean. Sorry.† Miranda didn’t say anything. â€Å"You don’t really have a stick in your butt. You couldn’t drive then, right? Ha-ha?† Silence. â€Å"But I mean, you started it. With the child-lock thing. I’m not a child. I’m fourteen.† More silence. â€Å"I said I was sorry.† In the backseat Sibby slumped, sighed. â€Å"Fine. Be that way.† Silence. Until, for no reason she could explain, Miranda said, â€Å"They died.† Sibby sat up quick now, leaning toward the front seat. â€Å"Who? Your sisters?† â€Å"Everyone. My whole family.† â€Å"Was it because of something you did?† â€Å"Yes. And because of something I didn’t do. I think.† â€Å"Um, Grandma Grim, that doesn’t make any sense. How can not doing something-wait, you think?. Don’t you know what happened?† â€Å"I can’t really remember anything from that part of my life.† â€Å"You mean from that day?† â€Å"No. From that year. And the year after. Anything pretty much from when I was ten until when I turned twelve. And there are a few other holes, too.† â€Å"You mean that stuff is just too painful to remember?† â€Å"No, it’s just†¦ gone. All I have are impressions.† And the dreams. Really really bad dreams. â€Å"Like what?† â€Å"Like that I wasn’t where I should have been and something happened and I let everyone down†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She stopped, waved a hand in the air. â€Å"Wait, you actually think you could have stopped whatever happened to them? By yourself? When you were four years younger than me?† Miranda’s throat felt like it was closing up. She’d never told anyone even that much of her real history before, never talked about it, not even with Kenzi. Ever. She swallowed hard. â€Å"I could have tried. I could have been there and tried.† â€Å"Oh my gods, now this is some kind of pity party. Yawn. Wake me when you’re done.† Miranda gaped at her in the mirror. â€Å"I told you I didn’t want to talk about it but you kept bugging me and now you turn into the mayor of TellItLikeItIsVille?† Swallowing again. â€Å"You little-â€Å" â€Å"You don’t even know what happened! How can you feel so bad about it? Plus, I don’t see how that can be your fault. You weren’t even there and you were only ten. I think you should stop obsessing about some mystery thing that is ancient history and live in the mo.† â€Å"I’m sorry, did you just tell me to ‘live in the mo’?† â€Å"Yes. You know, ditch the past and try focusing on what’s going on in the present. Like that the song on the radio right now? Sucks. And that there is a whole city of cute boys out there I am not kissing.† Miranda took a deep breath, but before she could say anything, Sibby went on. â€Å"I know, I know you say you’re sorry to the people you knock out because you never got to say sorry to your family, and you have to keep me safe because you couldn’t keep them safe. I get it now.† â€Å"That is not what’s going on. I-â€Å" â€Å"Blah blah blah, insert denials here. Anyway, why does ‘safe’ have to mean sitting in this car with you all night? Isn’t there somewhere we could blend in? Instead of hiding? I’m good at blending. I’m like butter.† â€Å"Oh yeah, you’re totally like butter. In fact, in your Madonna-called-and-she-wants-her-costume-from-the-‘Borderline’-video-back outfit, you’re practically invisible.† â€Å"Good one, Funkiller. Come on, let’s go somewhere.† Miranda turned all the way around in her seat and said, â€Å"Let me sound it out for you. Someone. Is. Trying. To. Kill. You.† â€Å"No. They. Are. Not. You keep saying that, but I’ve told you. They can’t kill me. You should really work on this obsession you have with people getting killed. And I have to be honest with you, I’m getting bored. What do you have the radio set to, K-CRAP? There is no way we are staying in this car for six hours.† Miranda had to agree with her. Because if they did, it was now clear she’d kill Sibby herself. That’s when she thought of the perfect place for them to go. â€Å"You want to blend in?† she asked. â€Å"Yes. With boys.† â€Å"Guys,† Miranda said. â€Å"What?† â€Å"Normal American girls from this century call them guys, not boys. If you want to blend in.† For a second, Sibby looked shocked. Then she gave a little smile. â€Å"Oh. Yes. Guys.† â€Å"‘Yeah, not ‘yes. Unless you’re talking to a grown-up.† â€Å"Yeah.† â€Å"And it’s ‘Oh my God’ or ‘God, not ‘gods. â€Å" â€Å"Did I-?† â€Å"Yeah. And no one ever has or ever will say, ‘live in the mo. â€Å" â€Å"Just wait.† â€Å"No. Never. Oh, and no paying guys for kisses. You don’t need to. They should feel lucky to kiss you.† Sibby frowned. â€Å"Why are you being so nice to me and helping me? You don’t even like me.† â€Å"Because I know what it’s like to be far from home, alone, trying to fit in. And to never be able to tell anyone the truth about who you are.† After they’d been driving in silence for a few minutes, Sibby said, â€Å"Have you ever killed someone with your bare hands?† Miranda looked at her in the rearview. â€Å"Not yet.† â€Å"Ha-ha.† How to cite Prom Nights from Hell Chapter Seven, Essay examples

Michelangelo free essay sample

A study of the humanistic side of Michelangelos art. A paper which introduces and discusses how Michelangelo takes the humanistic and natural beauty from the Greeks concerning perfect physical humans and nudity and transforms his work for the Christian era. A brief overview of Michelangelos childhood is also included. Consistently, his work began to show more and more influences from more ancient works. While he was often ridiculed because he was not following current trends, he persisted in his own views. He memorized certain classic poses, and used them for most of his works. The David is an example of one of his works that uses a classic pose to make it seem more strong and powerful. He no longer considered the work of art as an imitation of visible reality, nor as the image of a dream world, nor as a means of arriving at knowledge of the universe, but as an embodiment of the very essence of human life and destiny. We will write a custom essay sample on Michelangelo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In this vision of the cosmic law of life in man, he relates himself to the wisdom of ancient Italy (De Tolnay 64).

What are the largest expense categories incurred by health care service organizations Essay Example

What are the largest expense categories incurred by health care service organizations Essay In opinion, one of the biggest expenses for medical facilities is unpaid services. Costs occurred from patients that are unpaid privately or not fully reimbursed from insurance companies would be one of the biggest expenses incurred in health care services. Another expense that is high on the list of expenses for health care services would be equipment and personnel. Health care personal have high salaries as well as costs for additional training and tuition reimbursement if the health care facility participates in such programs. Equipment also can cost in the tens of thousands of dollars to over a million to buy the equipment, depending on the equipment. Then there is the training for the personnel operating it, the maintenance on the equipment and anything else having to do with each specific piece. A medical facility has costs no matter what it is they do. The overhead costs, which includes the operating of the building, the salaries of the personnel in the building and anything that has to do with that account for much of the expenses incurred in health care facilities along with services rendered. We will write a custom essay sample on What are the largest expense categories incurred by health care service organizations specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What are the largest expense categories incurred by health care service organizations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What are the largest expense categories incurred by health care service organizations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer What are the titles and functions of the four financial statements usually included in an audited financial report? The four basic financial statements include the balance sheet, the statement of revenue and expense, the statement of fund balance or net worth, and the statement of cash flows. The balance sheet records what an organization owes and what it is worth if for profit organization and uses fund balance rather than equity for nonprofit organizations. Like the name suggests the balance sheet balances finances in the organization. It is stated at a particular point in time. It displays the total of assets of he organization and the total of what the organization owes. That is its liabilities and its net worth (fund balance). This can be visualized as Assets- Liabilities- Net worth/ Fund balance. The statement of revenue and expense covers a point in time rather than one single date or point in time. The concepts shows that revenue, or inflow, less expenses , or outflow, result in an excess of revenue to expenses if the year has been good, or an excess of expenses over revenue resulting in a loss if the year has been bad, The formula for a condenses statement of revenue and expense would be: operating revenue- operating expenses=operating income. A statement of changes in fund balance/net worth is linked to the previous financial reports. The excess of revenue flows back into equity or fund balance through the statement of fund balance/ net worth. The statement of cash flows deals a lot with accrual basis accounting. For example, Depreciation is recognized within each year as an expense, but it does not represent a cash expense. This is a concept that now enters into the statement of cash flows. The fourth major report—the statement of cash flows—interlocks with the other three major reports. (Baker Baker, 2011).

Italian Capitalization Rules

Italian Capitalization Rules In Italian, an initial capital letter (maiuscolo) is required in two instances: At the beginning of a phrase or immediately after a period, question mark, or exclamation markWith proper nouns Other than these cases, the use of uppercase letters in Italian depends on factors such as stylistic choices or publishing tradition. There is also the maiuscola reverenziale (reverential capital), which is still used frequently with pronouns and possessive adjectives that refer to Dio (God), people or things considered sacred, or people of high regard (pregare Dio e avere fiducia in Lui; mi rivolgo alla Sua attenzione, signor Presidente). In general, though, in contemporary usage, there is a tendency to avoid capitalization that is considered unnecessary. Capitalization at the Beginning of a Phrase To illustrate the occurrences where capital letters are used at the beginning of a phrase here are some examples: Titles in various genres: not just text, but also chapter headings, articles, and other subdivisionsThe start of any text or paragraphAfter a periodAfter a question mark or exclamation mark, but an initial lowercase may be permitted if there are strong logic and continuity of thoughtAt the beginning of a direct speech If a sentence begins with an ellipsis (...), then usually the examples described above begin with lowercase, except when the first word is a proper name. Those instances still require the use of the uppercase. Similarly (but more in terms of a typography choice) is the case in which a capital letter is used at the beginning of each verse in poetry, a device that is sometimes used even when verse is not written on a new line (for reasons of space), instead of using a slash (/), which is generally preferable to avoid ambiguity. Capitalizing Proper Nouns In general, capitalize the first letter of proper names (whether real or fictitious), and any terms that take their place (sobriquets, aliases, nicknames): Person (common names and surnames), animals, godsNames of entities, places, or geographical areas (natural or urban), astronomical entities (as well as astrological)Names of streets and urban subdivisions, buildings and other architectural structuresNames of groups, organizations, movements, and institutional and geopolitical entitiesTitles of artistic works, trade names, products, services, companies, eventsNames of religious or secular holidays There are also cases in which the initial letter is capitalized even with common nouns, for reasons ranging from the need to distinguish them from common concepts, personification, and antonomasia, to showing respect. Examples include: The names of historical eras and events and even of geological periods, centuries and decades; the latter can be written in lower case, but it is preferred to use uppercase if the intent is to call out the historical period.The names of a populace; usually it is customary to capitalize the historical peoples of the past (i Romani), and use lowercase for present-day people (gli italiani). Somewhat more ambiguous, however, is the use of capital letters in Italian compound nouns or in those nouns consisting of a sequence of words; there are a couple of hard-and-fast guidelines, though, that can be recommended: Initial capital letters are required with the sequence common name surname (Carlo Rossi) or more than one common name (Gian Carlo Rossi)Proper names used within nominative sequences such as: Camillo Benso conte di Cavour, Leonardo da Vinci The prepositional particles (particelle preposizionali), di, de, or d are not capitalized when used with the names of historical figures, when surnames didnt exist, to introduce patronyms (de Medici) or toponyms (Francesco da Assisi, Tommaso dAquino); they are capitalized, though, when they form an integral part of contemporary surnames (De Nicola, DAnnunzio, Di Pietro). Capitalization finds its most widespread in the names of institutions, associations, political parties and the like.  The reason for this profusion of capital letters is usually a sign of respect (Chiesa Cattolica), or the tendency to maintain the use of uppercase letters in an abbreviation or acronym (CSM Consiglio Superiore della Magistratura). However, the initial capital can also be limited to just the first word, which is the only obligatory one: the Chiesa cattolica, Consiglio superiore della magistratura.

Three major aspects of colonial takeover of American lands based on Essay

Three major aspects of colonial takeover of American lands based on Foreigners in Their Native Land - Essay Example Three major aspects of colonial takeover of American lands based on â€Å"Foreigners in Their Native Land† The first component of the chapter looked at the war against Mexico where foreigners taking over the land of Mexico turned around to be lords of the land and battled the original natives of the land. Essentially, the writer used this part of the chapter to drum home the unfortunate beginning of racial supremacy in the American continent.Further on in the chapter, there is a discussion on the entrenched position taken by the English to conquer at all cost, as a refusal to do that makes them robbers. The final part of the chapter discusses the outcome of the fight, which was an obvious win for the strangers, occupying and conquering at the same time because of their ideological supremacy. Chapter 12 It is more like it is in this chapter that the effect of the struggle that had gone on between the Mexicans and the English was discussed. This is because part of the chapter looked at how the English lived with the Mexicans there after the war. In the chapter, we are told of how right afte r the war, the Mexicans were made to further sprinkle the field with the sweat of their brows because they were captured as servants and slaves in their own land. But after a while, there were mixed marriages, which became an era of coherent living. But in most cases of these marriages, it was observed that the eventual benefactors of the marriages were the English. This is because they were the ones who married Mexican women and subjected them and their male offspring to hard labor. Pages 361-367 Among the many mixtures of people from different geographic backgrounds who had come to be part of the American nation as Americans were the Mexicans, who according to the writer, were mainly found in the area of presidio of Tucson from 1773 and seeking protection against the Apaches. But throughout the pages 361 to 367 of the book, the writer brings out some key characteristics of these people, who became known as the Mexican Americans. Typically, the Mexican Americans are identified to b e battling inferiority complex as they search for an identity. This search was supposed to be an expected event because these people, who were originally from Mexico where not being offered the opportunity to be live by the very native nature and identity that they bore (Gramsci, 1971). Pages 426-433 In what may be referred to as a typical conclusion, the writer finishes the book with an admonition for change and empowerment. This is because throughout the book, acts of identity misplacement and misplaced priorities had plagued most people who otherwise should have been in the position to stand very firm and defended what belonged to them. From page 426 to 433, the focus of the writer was on Mexico, whom he labeled as being the Beckoned North. The Mexicans were classified as being beckoned because of the indication they had started giving to people from other backgrounds who had suffered similar things as they suffered. In comparison to the African Americans, the writer saw the Mexi cans as being able to take their own destinies in their hands much quickly and making amends for themselves. Journal Entry 8: Kaleidoscope Pages 31-47 These are pages where the story of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca is told from de Vaca’s own perspective and according to his original narratives. Generally, de Vaca tells the story of his life and other people as they made expedition through the New World in 1527 in what became known as the Narvaez expedition. As one of only four survivors, the story is revisited as a message to the current world of the power in a determing power to endure. This is because even though de Vaca had gone through several trialing times including being a slave, he could eventually wait for that new reconnection with Spanish

Mommy Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mommy - Movie Review Example It seemed to me very bright and significant as it showed crucial points and change of roles that took place several times, making both the mother and the son victims – and then aggressors. But when I saw this scene when Diane recalls all the sweet and sad memories, I found it even more powerful. It touched really deep feelings. This scene takes place after the sweet time they had together. It was very rare as they had merely bad times and quarrels, problems with bad behavior and its consequences. This following scene adds even more â€Å"bitterness† – because Diane realizes she has to give her son away as he needs help. All this happens after Steve cut his veins right in the supermarket. She just cannot manage to deal with it. The sequence is a kind of catharsis of the film. It seems very sweet – and exactly this makes it really tragic. Diane dreamt of life success and happiness for her son – though she realizes the way she sees it is impossible. She sees him as a glad graduate, and then she dreams he is in love with a wonderful girl, whom he will marry and all they will live happily ever after. It is very tender when Diane recalls her son as a small baby on her hands. All the scenes are filled with words from her memories – words by Steve, Kyla and herself. Crucial is the moment of change of the appearance of the son. He stands after the rain and at the moment he is shouting he is free, we see he is another person, who just looks like real Steve. Here we see the sad truth that Diane really would like to have another son. She realizes her dreams will not come true. This scene is a kind of sincere revealing them and saying farewell to this future they wouldn’t have had anyway. The character Kyla is very important – as it is opposite to Diane’s image. She is kind and nice mother, humble and caring. She also influenced on Steve significantly. In the end of the film when she has to leave due to her husband’s

Separatism and Conflict in Catalonia

ï » ¿Separatism and Conflict in Catalonia Abstract The following research paper focuses on Catalonia’s desire for Independence. The study was carried out on a week-long field school in Barcelona, Northern Spain. Throughout this study, the history, culture and politics and the evolved landscape of the city was analysed. These aspects were analysed to enable us to get a vivid understanding of the conflict that has taken place in Catalonia throughout its struggle for independence. Through this analysis three main themes surfaced, these were memory, difference and separatism. The main aim of the research carried out through surveys was to answer the following question: â€Å"Will Catalonia resort to violence to achieve independence?† A mixed methods approach was used in order to get answers from participants, it was a suitable method because high quality information and opinions were established. Introduction: The history of Catalan separatism is complex. Giner (1984) has stated that â€Å"Modern Catalonia is the outcome of the unification of numerous great and intricate sets of long-term historical phenomena†. Catalonia is a member of Spain’s self-governing societies in the Northeast of the country whose history is somewhat separate from that of Spain, in that large fragments of Spain were historically ruled by the crown of Castile, authoritatively speaking barbaric Spanish, and Catalan was part of the crown of Aragon, officially speaking old Catalan. Catalonia is an area which is rich in separatism, an area which is longing for its own independence from Spain. The following paragraphs will analyse and discuss the separatism that exists in Catalonia in Barcelona.   To describe separatism, one would say that it is the promotion or practice of separation of a particular assembly of people from a superior body because of factors like ethnicity, religion, or gender.   Separatism is continuously occurring throughout Europe. A prime example of a separatist area is the region of Catalonia within Barcelona. Catalonia, who is proud of its own identity and language, is one of Spain’s wealthiest and most industrialised regions, and also one of the most independent-minded. However, since 1714, Catalonia has struggled to maintain its own culture, language and territory (Mantlethought.org, 2017). There are three key events that have led to the emergence of Catalan separatism, the 1705 War of the Spanish Succession, Catalonia’s support for rival claimant to the Spanish throne, and Franco’s Dictatorship. Archduke Charles of Austria of the House of Habsburg, against King Philp V from the House of Bourbon, resulted in the suppression of its parliament and traditional liberties upon the latter’s victory (BBC News, 2017). In the 19th century there was somewhat a revival in Catalonia. At this point in its history, Catalonia was the leader of industrialisation within Spain and had experienced a cultural revitalisation, here commenced a movement to revive Catalan culture and language, which resulted in the rise of Catalan nationalism. After the formation of a political union with the Aragon regions in 1137, Catalonia arose and seized extensive economic and political control through the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Then, in 1479 came the replacement of a single monarchy after the unification of Aragon and Castille.   These houses then amalgamated in the late fifteenth century, a period that also marked the deterioration of the old Catalan language. Succeeding eighteenth-century political manoeuvrings in Castile caused the Spanish War of Succession in which the regions in Catalonia were in support of the Austrian contender for the crown. Catalonia merged into Spain which resulted in the inhibition of its language and governance. This then lead to the appearance of Catalonian nationalism towards the end of the nineteenth century as numerous cultural movements began to insist more recognition (Breen et al., 2016). The Commonwealth of Catalonia was first established in April 1914, and devoted a large amount of finance to infrastructure, cultural and scientific institutions. It was then solidified in 1925. A fraction of independence was granted during second Spanish Republic, 1931-1938 (Breen et al., 2016). In the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) and Franco’s progression of power, the Catalan language, political organizations and cultural codes including its anthem and flag were further suppressed. In November 1971, a large number of cultural and political leftist protestors gathered together and established the Assembly of Catalonia, encouraging the restoration of independence and recognition of Catalan culture and identity (Breen et al., 2016). Research Context It has been said that separatism is primarily associated with nationalism and nationalist ideologies. A nation is an assembly of people who have the belief that they are comprised of a ‘single people’ on the basis of a cultural or historical criteria, such as a shared language (Flint, 2017). Members of a nation share common ideas about their origins and hope for a common destiny. They possess common national symbols including customs, language and religion, and oftentimes are unaware of the fact that their country’s narrative may be built on myths.   They are often committed to a certain territory over which they attempt to gain authority, or even the capacity to deal with their own country’s matters. Nationalism therefore, is the theory that each nation has the right to a state, thus having the right to govern a portion of territory. The geopolitics of nationalism has resulted in millions of deaths as people fought to create a state for their nation and defend their states in the name of national defence, against genuine and alleged threats. Separatism, secession, irredentism, self-determination, independence, sub-state nationalism are many of the words that are used interchangeably to describe the conflicts that exist between states and would be sub-state. This sort of conflict is nothing original even with the arrival of globalisation, transnationalism and the influence of multinational associations. Separatist schemas continue to be a powerful political force and a challenge to present-day global borders. Though separatism in Catalonia is new, nationalism is not. Tensions between Spain and Catalonia have been notoriously strained since Catalonia came under Spanish rule in 1714 during the War of Spanish Succession. In the 19th century, the nationalist movement developed and demanded greater independence for Catalonia. The movement later dealt with the problems Catalonia faced throughout the 19th and 20th centuries including the dictatorships of Miquel Primo de Rivera and Francisco Franco. Franco’s dictatorship had a major impact on Catalonia, with their culture and language being suppressed, because of the practice of the Catalan language and expression of Catalan culture being prohibited. The people of Catalonia struggled to possess their own identity separate from Spain during this time. After the death of Franco in 1975, the nationalist movement began moving in a different direction. As the first decade of the 21st century came to a close, the movement developed further as nationalists began demanding independence. Tensions remain between Spain and Catalonia in relation to the use of their own separate language and carrying on with their own culture. Many separatist movements follow a mostly diplomatic direction that focuses on the practice of culture and tradition to activate support and drive onward with their own plans (Breen et al., 2016).   It is difficult to tell if Catalonia will take a violent route in order to reach independence, however it was evident in our surveys that the people of Barcelona do not think that their country will. Separatism has always remained a fundamental part of the character of Europe. It is continuously argued that separatist movements are rising in many European states, reinvigorated by a backdrop of economic crisis and political uncertainty (Bieri, 2014). A quantity of these separatist movements are linked with violent campaigns for independence (e.g. the Basque Region, Corsica) while others including Scotland and Catalonia have followed a mainly peaceful route that has concentrated on the use of culture and heritage to mobilise support and drive forward separatist agendas (Breen et al,. 2016). There are thought to be around 45 active separatist movements across 30 countries with their political aspirations and methodologies all being very diverse. An integrated European Union was at one point according to Liable touted as some kind of ‘magical elixir’ which could quieten the demands of separatist organisations and curb unrest among national minorities. Perhaps separatism is a resurgent force across Europe, separatism according to Bieri has been reinvigorated in part by an all-encompassing impact of the economic crisis and pervasive political uncertainty throughout the EU. It has been said that separatist movements either pursue independence within their central states or to form independent states. Separatist movements are protruding within the European Union, which is now estimated to have over 40 separatist parties (EFA, 2014). The most noteworthy of these movements include Scotland in the United Kingdom, Catalonia and the Basque Country in Spain, and Flanders in Belgium (Bieri, 2014). Separatism in the European Union appears contradictory at first, the European Union is frequently looked upon as a â€Å"post-sovereign† system and perhaps a model for globalization (Mathews, 1997).   The European Union resulted from the economic and institutional integration of European states in the decades following World War II (Jones, 2012). While the European Union isn’t a state itself, it is capable of intervening the national laws and policymaking decisions of its member states (Krasner, 2009). Under the European Union, Europe’s economy has assimilated into a single market under one currency, the Euro. Despite being so highly integrated, separatist movements are not only emerging but have the potential to destabilize the European Union (Dayton, R. 2015)   Bieri has stated that separatism has been revived in part by the all-inclusive influence of the economic crisis and prevalent political ambiguity throughout the EU. Other than Catalan separatism, another sovereignty well known for their desire for independence, is Scotland. Scotland ceased to be an independent state in the early 1700s. Unique heritage, culture and civil society was not diluted by the union with England, and this is something the people of Scotland passionately wanted. Scottish nationalism as a political force did not intensify until the 1960s, with the Scottish Nationalist Party winning a by-election. The discovery of oil in the North Sea inspired nationalists to think more aggressively about separatism. Debates about devolution gained momentum during the 1990s and under a labour government the Scottish parliament was formed in 1999. 2007 elections saw the SNP make significant gains at Labour’s expense and Salmond became the First Minister. Further electoral success in 2011 led to calls for a referendum and in 2012 it was announced that a referendum would be held in 2014. This was purposely set to coincide with the 700th anniversary of the victory of Scottish forces over English invaders at the battle of Bannockburn. The result of the Scottish referendum returned a marginal victory for the No campaign. However, the advent of Brexit has once again instigated a push for independence. Catalonia, in their fight towards independence, has developed various issues over the years. These include Language, Culture and Self -governance. Tensions over language in Catalonia, particularly from an educational perspective, persevere and in recent years have been intensified. At the same time the political struggle between the Catalan and the Spanish central governments has also increased. Woolard and Frekko (2013) have pointed out that the present debates resemble those of past decades, and thus one could have the notion that nothing has changed in the sociolinguistic makeup of Catalonia (Soler-Carbonell, Gallego-Balsà   and Corona, 2016). Democratic consolidation resulted in a renewed state nationalism that saw in the last wave of territorial reforms the culmination of the autonomic model set up in 1978, and the current context of economic crisis has reinforced the debate on the necessity of introducing recentralization policies for economic and efficiency reasons (Keating, 2009).   Thus, after 30 years of democracy and devolution the question of self-governance and self-determination remains at the centre of the political debate in Catalonia and Spain. Thus, it is clear that much of the separatism that now exists in Catalonia has stemmed from historical grievances centred around cultural and linguistic identities. Part B Methodology: In the formation of this report, a mixed methods approach was used which involved both quantitative and qualitative surveys being carried out. This proved to be both a successful but challenging approach. One of the main challenges being language barriers. Although the participants were passionate about their views, it was difficult to get sufficient information from them as they had limited English. A number of people refused to respond as they didn’t understand what was being asked of them. The interviews were carried out over a number of different areas scattered across the city of Barcelona. Culture within Barcelona The museums of Barcelona are perhaps the best way to explore and get a better understanding of Barcelona’s Culture. Museums became symbols of the shared social memory establishing the ‘imagined community’ a space where the nation could present itself, to itself and to others (Anderson, 1983).     El Born Cultural Centre is a prime example of this. The Born Centre Cultural is now a Cultural Centre that is in â€Å"El Born†. El Born is a quarter that was part of the old Barcelona when the city was inside the walls, it is now a significant place to visit for its historical burden. Where we find nowadays the Born Centre Cultural, it was an old market of iron built in the 19th Century. Some years ago, it was originally planned to build a new library for the city of Barcelona, and when they started constructing, a tercentenary ruins were found inside that floor. These were the ruins of the houses and streets of the people who lived during 1700, the century that lived the Spanish invasion which made Catalonia to be part of Spain until nowadays where there is a longing for independence from Catalans. El born is categorised as a public space which aims to attract multiple audiences into a conversation about Catalonia’s past, present and future. For an example, the centre employs a trilingual style to its exhibits and artefacts with signposting in Catalan, Spanish and English, with guide books available in French, German and Dutch. The political utilisation of external visitors is arguably just as important as the mobilisation of the city’s residents (Breen et al., 2016) The cultural and emotive meaning that the people gave to this ruins must be remarked. In Catalonia, the following proverb exists: â€Å"Roda al mà ³n I torna al born† which means â€Å"Visit the world and come back home†. Ironically, the word â€Å"born† means â€Å"home† to them. This sentence, in fact is the one that is being used for the campaign about the Born Cultural Centre in order to capture the connection between the past, present and future that exists in this space. When visiting the site we were able to imagine the daily life of Spanish ascendants and, in most cases, how they earned a living. El Born Cultural Centre, taken on Tuesday, 28th March, 2017) Interior of the El Born Cultural Centre. This represents the layout of the houses in Barcelona during the 1700’s. During the visit to the El Born Cultural Centre, we carried out a survey investigating various aspects of this very important cultural museum. The interviewees appeared to be very passionate about the centre, saying that it attracts hundreds of visitors on a daily basis, some of them being the people of Barcelona themselves. When asked what the role of the cultural institution was, one interviewee replied that it was â€Å"to preserve the history of the succession war†. She went on to say that â€Å"it is a real-life representation of what life was like during this time, how difficult it was during the war, it shows how small our living space was and how little we had†. When asked whether heritage plays a role in the Catalan separatist movement, she replied â€Å"Yes, it is the reason why there was a war†. Landscape within Barcelona: Landscape is the outcome of a collective revolution of nature. It is the cultural translation of a society on a particular portion of nature, and this translation is not only material, but also spiritual, ideological and symbolic. In this sense, landscape acts as a hub of meaning and symbolism, and produces a sense of belonging and a territorial identity that is predominantly strong in some nations (Noguà © and Vincente,2004).   Landscape has been described as a concept that is hugely saturated with cultural and, above all, ideological implications (Peet, 1996). The landscape can be understood as a dynamic code of symbols that speak of the culture of the past, present and maybe also the future. The semiotic legibility of a landscape or the ease with which its symbols can be decoded, can be complex to a greater or lesser degree, but is always linked to the culture that produces the symbols (Noguà © and Vicente, 2004). The architecture of Barcelona has clearly evolved parallel with Catalan architecture. Within Catalonia both physical and concrete cultural heritages have been used repeatedly in the past to justify and promote a culturally distinct peoples and region (Mellon, 2008). The majority of this has taken place against the background of Catalonia’s intervention of its place within Spain and as an aspirant autonomous region. Espelt and Benito (2005) have argued that this process of heritage development emerged during a period of ‘national and cultural reawakening’ in the late nineteenth century, for example, the glamorized physical and visual appearance of Girona was successfully created. A similar process of reconstruction or re-edification took place in Barcelona. The landscape has changed dramatically over a period of time due to urban reconstruction and autocratic regimes. Catalans aim was to have a different landscape to that of Spain’s and therefore modernization occurred. Modernization is linked closely with urban aesthetics and beautification. Each leader set off to celebrate by political order by means of the building of urban and architectural settings with regards to embodying the ideology on which a new era is based and to commemorate the political achievements and purposes of his autocratic regime (Cavalcanti, 1997). The urban characteristics that exist in the city along with its tourist appeal are not purely the result of the Modernist period or a recent dramatic transformation. In fact they are the result of an extensive and riotous historic evolution. The following are the most note-worthy landscapes within Barcelona. Each uphold a remarkable and significant history, and through decoding the landscape, visitors at these sites are able to find out more about the history of the area. Parc de la Ciutadella Perhaps the most beautiful landscape of Barcelona can be found in Parc de la Ciutadella. After a seize which lasted thirteen months, Barcelona fell to the army of King Philips V throughout the war of the Spanish Succession. In order to keep secure control over the city of Barcelona, the Bourbon king built the biggest fortress in Europe, a star-shaped citadel or ‘Ciutadella’. An enormous part of the Ribera region was destroyed in order to make room for this fortress. The neighbourhood was rebuilt thirty years later at another location as ‘Barceloneta’ (authorSTREAM, 2017). Barceloneta:   A distance from the inner city lies Barceloneta. This is deceptively called the Fishermen’s Quarter, an area which was in fact born as a result of a political, military decision. It was in this area that the inhabitants of La Ribera were repositioned when their own homes were destroyed to make way for the building of Felipe V’s fortress La Ciutadella. The four cubes represent the size of homes around this shanty area. This mark of remembrance is a significant example of Barcelona preserving its history for the future generations. This residential area is now a very attractive mix of traditional and modern; washing can be seen hanging along narrow balconies, while bars and restaurants have developed the night life (Insightguides.com, 2017). The Eternal Flame Another important example of Barcelona preserving their history is the Eternal Flame. Located on Fossar de les Moreres, it burns to commemorate those that died during the War of the Spanish Succession 1713-1714. It is a place that marks abundant symbolic importance where the mass of history takes centre stage. This monument stands as a reminder. It is of great meaning to the Catalans themselves. In the year 1989, it was the architect Carme Fiol who revealed the victims’ burial site by destroying the buildings that had stood there, and covered the whole ground with ‘brick as red as the blood that had been spilt’. This is another prime example of the Catalans preserving their history for the future. Monumentalisation The most earliest monumentalisation of Barcelona in the introductory decades of the twentieth century can be seen as a method designed to relocate the city as the capital of the region. The succeeding Modernista buildings of Domenech, Puig and Gaudi demonstrated the uniquely Catalan architectural expressions of identity and aspiration. These extremely glamorized nineteenth and early twentieth century discourses are now being displaced by more pragmatic agenda-led narratives that are being used to justify and promote territorial conflicts where landscape and built heritage are presented as ideological cornerstone (Breen et al., 2016). La Sagrada Familia has been described by Hughes as Barcelona’s Eiffel Tower. It is of extreme importance to the people of Barcelona. Despite the re-imaging of the city, it still is the emblem of Barcelona. Gaudi’s work, including the Sagrada Familia   are all particularly resilient Catalan symbols as they were constructed during a period of great significance for Catalonia, during which contemporary Catalan nationalist thought and praxis was founded (Scholars-on-bilbao.info, 2016). Perhaps the most outstanding part of the landscape in Barcelona is the Barcelona Gothic Quarter. The Barcelona Gothic Quarter was re-constructed in the twentieth century. Even though historic monuments, hypothetically, refer back to past eras, in many cases they were produced recently. In Barcelona, feudal buildings were restored in a gothic style, while other historic buildings and facades were moved stone-by-stone into the area and ordinary residential houses were removed and replaced by seemingly historic buildings. As a result, the new Gothic Quarter look as if it is a space which is completely medieval but was actually re-built between 1927 and 1970. This regeneration was meant both as an example of the invention of tradition in the context of Catalan nationalism and as a way to promote the city through remarkable historic monuments (Gant, 2013). Redevelopment in Barcelona: The city of Barcelona is an exceptional case study of many of the key themes of urban development and change. It has a large tertiary sector, its traditional manufacturing industries have been declining, and multinational investment has become increasingly vital. The rapid development of Technical Parks for high-tech industry is a modern feature associated with the growth of what is becoming known as the European ‘sun-rise’ belt, along the Mediterranean coast between Valencia and Northern Italy.   The motivation behind Barcelona’s physical expansion has been the growth of the economy. Remaining factories and workshops in the Poblenou district are being changed into a zone of new technologies (Geographyfieldwork.com, 2017). With some buildings not being in use, they appeared to be covered in graffiti, often expressing the person’s views towards the government.   Political Landscape: Landscape results from the collective transformation of nature. It is the cultural translation of a society on a particular portion of nature, and this translation is not only material, but also spiritual, ideological and symbolic. In this sense, landscape acts as a centre of meaning and symbolism, and creates a sense of belonging and a territorial identity that is particularly strong in some nations.   It was proven from the observations made throughout the field study that landscape, understood as the cultural prognosis of a society on a certain space, develops into a fundamental element in the creation process of a national identity, in our case the Catalan identity, both in its late 19th century origins and in its present- day form (Noguà © and Vicente, 2004). It has been noted that the landscape of Catalonia was to play an important role in the building of Catalan nationalist ideology. At the height of the nationalist Renaixenca, Catalonia was delicate to the new aesthetic and symbolic gratitude to landscape, especially mountainous landscape, which was sweeping the rest of Europe. The mountain therefore, became a key figure among Catalan nationalist symbols, part of the â€Å"essential landscape† (Noguà © and Vincente, 2004). It has to be said that the dominant cultural symbols that are scattered throughout the city of Barcelona are flags. But to the people of Barcelona, these are more than just a flag. These are representation of what they desire – to remain a united country or an independent Barcelona, a representation of whether they want to remain in the present or progress to a future where Barcelona becomes an independent state from Spain. In Catalonia, the burning of a flag is seen as an offence and oftentimes results in imprisonment. Overall, in the city of Barcelona, in terms of single flags displayed, the dominant symbol numerically was the Catalan flag. The Barcelona flag, though numerically second, nevertheless registered a significant presence. A considerable number of balconies displayed both, and the Olympic flag was often added, while a small n umber incorporated the Spanish flag as well. The distribution in the metropolitan area covering the total conurbation of about four and a half million people is more difficult to measure. In both the city and the studied area the nature of displays varied with the character of the district. Where Castillian was the predominant language, that is, in working-class barrios populated mostly by immigrants from the rest of Spain and where socialist sympathies were stronger, Barcelona flags tended to predominate, whereas in the more middle class districts like Gracia, nearer the centre, the flags were overwhelmingly Catalan, with a good proportion of these in this particu lar case being ‘indepencia’ flags. Grievance Diagram: The 7 core grievances that are included in the following diagram are: Government PoliticsEconomic CrisisLanguageCultureIdentityMedia Grievance Core Diagram for Barcelona, it represents the main grievances of the city and it is clear that the most part of these are linked to the divide in political views amongst the people of Barcelona Qualitative Survey The first survey carried out on the field work was a qualitative survey, which aimed to establish what fraction of the population wanted independence and what remaining number did not want independence, and whether or not they thought that their country would resort to violence in order to achieve it. From the surveys carried out, 50.58% said yes and 41.27% said no. The remaining 8.14% were unsure. Social Vulnerability The second survey that was carried out was the social vulnerability survey, it was carried out to find out what parts of the structure of Barcelona are under threat or at risk. This was completed under the following headings: SocialEconomic Environment Governance Future threats The aim of the survey was to establish what parts of Catalonia’s social structure was most at risk. Social Vulnerability Diagram Summary of Findings from the Social Vulnerability Survey: From our analysis of the results from the survey, it was clear that there is a clear difficulty with governance within Catalonia. This can be explained by the struggle of the state to receive legal and financial autonomy. Furthermore, it is clear from the diagram that socially, Barcelona is not at risk. It can be said that in times of crisis, communities come together again as there is an obvious decrease in social cohesion. It is evident from the diagram that politics is the most at risk, so it is essential that steps are taken so as not to increase the vulnerability of the state, and to avoid all potential conflict triggers. The following is a list of potential conflict triggers: Further suppression of identity.A continuance in the unequal distribution of wealth.Negative perceptions displayed through the Media. In terms of lessening social tension in Catalonia, it would be suggested that: The government address their financial issues and perhaps restructure their economy.Encourage the media to become more open minded so as not to create negative perceptions of Catalans.Currently the dialogue used within Catalonia is conflicted, it is suggested that they change this dialogue, aiming it at resolution. To conclude, the main hypothesis of this research was â€Å"Catalonia will not resort to violence to achieve independence†. From the research carried out over the field study in Barcelona, it can certainly be said that they will not resort to violence. From our observations and surveys, it was evident that in the future, Catalonia will experience stability and will no longer experience pressure from the Spanish state over its own affairs. In my opinion, if it strengthens its foreign affairs and strengthens its already growing economic output then it will transform into a strong, viable state, one that does not need to resort to violence to achieve independence. If Catalonia was to build upon its strength as a separate part of Spain, perhaps in the future it will gain the independence it has always been passionate about. Bibliography Anderson, B. (1983) in Breen, C., McDowell, S., Reid, G. and Forsythe, W. (2016). Heritage and separatism in Barcelona: the case of El Born Cultural Centre. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 22(6), pp.434-445. authorSTREAM. (2017). A Weekend Walk in Barcelona27, Parc de la Ciutadella1. [online] Available at: http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/sandamichaela-1936055-walk-barcelona27/ [Accessed 15 July 2017]. Bieri, M.(2014) in Breen, C., McDowell, S., Reid, G. and Forsythe, W. (2016). Heritage and separatism in Barcelona: the case of El Born Cultural Centre. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 22(6), pp.2-3. Bieri. (2014) in Dayton, R (2015) Separatism, Globalization, and the European Union. Vol 15, 1 Breen, C., McDowell, S., Reid, G. and Forsythe, W. (2016). Heritage and separatism in Barcelona: the case of El Born Cultural Centre. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 22(6), pp.434-445. Cavalcanti, M. (1997). Urban reconstruction and autocratic regimes: Ceausescus Bucharest in its historic context. Planning Perspectives, 12(1), pp.71-109. Cosgrove, D. (1989) in Landscape and national identity in Catalonia. Political Geography, 23(2), pp.113-132. Dayton, R. (2015) as cited in Separatism, Globalization and the European Union. Available at:   http://aei.pitt.edu/74525/1/Dayton_SeparatismGlobalizationEU.pdf [Accessed 2 July 20017] EFA, (2014). in Dayton, R (2015) Separatism, Globalization, and the European Union. Vol 15, 1. Available at: http://aei.pitt.edu/74525/1/Dayton_SeparatismGlobalizationEU.pdf [Accessed 2 July 2017] EFA, (2014). in Dayton, R (2015) Separatism, Globalization, and the European Union. Vol 15, 1 available at: http://aei.pitt.edu/74525/1/Dayton_SeparatismGlobalizationEU.pdf [Accessed 2 July 2017] Ermengem, K. (2017). Parc de la Ciutadella, Barcelona. [online] A View On Cities. Available at: http://www.aviewoncities.com/barcelona/parcdelaciutadella.htm [Accessed 12 Apr. 2017]. Flint, C. (2017). Introduction to geopolitics. 1st ed. Abingdon: Routledge, pp.96-97. Geographyfieldwork.com. (2017). Barcelona Urban Development and Change. [online] Available at: http://geographyfieldwork.com/BarcelonaUrbanDetail.htm [Accessed 11 Apr. 2017]. Insightguides.com. (2017). Available at: https://www.insightguides.com/destinations/europe/spain/barcelona/city-areas/the-waterfront-and-poblenou?cv=1&session-id=d42c55c9ff8c8272ff33cf080899b2ca [Accessed 2 Aug. 2017]. Jones, B. (2012) in Dayton, R (2015) Separatism, Globalization, and the European Union. Vol 15, 1 available at: http://aei.pitt.edu/74525/1/Dayton_SeparatismGlobalizationEU.pdf [Accessed 2 July 2017] Keating, M. (2009) in Serrano, I. (2017). Just a Matter of Identity? Support for Independence in Catalonia. Krasner, S, D. (2009) Dayton, R (2015) Separatism, Globalization, and the European Union. Vol 15, 1 available at: http://aei.pitt.edu/74525/1/Dayton_SeparatismGlobalizationEU.pdf [Accessed 2 July 2017] Mantlethought.org. (2017). The Independence Movement in Catalonia: Is It Worth It?. [online] Available at: http://www.mantlethought.org/other/independence-movement-catalonia-it-worth-it [Accessed 11 Apr. 2017]. Matthews, J, T. (1997) in Dayton, R (2015) Separatism, Globalization, and the European Union. Vol 15, 1 Mellon, J. (2008) in Breen, C., McDowell, S., Reid, G. and Forsythe, W. (2016). Heritage and separatism in Barcelona: the case of El Born Cultural Centre. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 22(6), pp.434-445. Mc Dowell, L. (1994) in Landscape and national identity in Catalonia. Political Geography, 23(2), pp.113-132. Noguà ©, J. and Vicente, J. (2004). Landscape and national identity in Catalonia. Political Geography, 23(2), pp.113-132. Noguà ©, J. and Vicente, J. (2004). Conceptualizing City Image Change: The ‘Re-Imaging’ of Barcelona, pp 398-423 Peet, R. (1996) in Landscape and national identity in Catalonia. Political Geography, 23(2), pp.113-132. Soler-Carbonell, J., Gallego-Balsà  , L. and Corona, V. (2016). Language and education issues in global Catalonia. Questions and debates across scales of time and space. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 29(1), pp.1-5.

Review On Canadian Imperial Bank Of Commerce Commerce Essay

Our aim is to be the primary fiscal establishment for our clients. Our success depends on edifice strong relationships and on our ability to assist clients accomplish their fiscal ends ( www.cibc.com ) . Like other Bankss, Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce ( CIBC ) has on-line banking, telephone banking, concern banking and personal banking. One subdivision that looks interesting is the country in which they call Personal Wealth. The latter point that was made seems to be really strategic. It puts the client in control of wealth or deficiency thereof. I am impressed with that facet of their selling scheme. The occupations that can be secured at this degree are gross revenues associates to account directors. There is a batch of room for turning within CIBC.FinanceThe construction found within the fiscal facet of the organisation is that of Director of finance, senior fiscal analyst and fiscal analyst. â€Å" The Finance group provides fiscal services to CIBC ‘s concerns through effectual administration and determination support procedures † ( www.cibc.ca ) . The manager and senior fiscal analysts have more duties herein. CIBC has fiscal duties as a concern. They have a system of answerability that helps to command what information is being used within the company. The Director most probably has most duties of that control, within the organisation and every bit far as clients are concerned, concern or otherwise.Human ResourcesThe Human Resources section is non in a class of its ain within CIBC. This construction falls under a much larger construction of Administration. â€Å" [ Human Resources ] develops and implements plans to pull, retain and support employees throughout their callings at CIBC † ( www.cibc.ca ) . Part of this construction, non unlike other organisations, is responsible for preparation and fiting employees to develop their callings so that turn-over is minimum.OperationssOperationss ‘ was slightly equivocal on the CIBC web page. It fell under the class of engineering and operations. I am non truly certain as to why they would chunk those two together. From what I can see is CIBC runs like a well-oiled machine. They decidedly have all their bases covered and it seems like there is much room for growing within the organisation, and it appears to be a healthy topographic point in which to construct one ‘s calling. Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cibc.com/ca/personal.htmlOrganizational StructureThe organisational construction of CIBC is of incorporate type of administration which has both level ( horizontal ) and perpendicular type of constructions. Long-run success involves effectual administration. CIBC has already been recognized as a leader in this country, they endeavour every twelvemonth for uninterrupted betterments in their administration construction and procedures.Integrated administration theoretical accountCIBC ‘s senior direction squad plays a really of import function in the overall control of CIBC ‘s concerns by supplying timely and precise information to the Board to help the managers in their misinterpretation undertakings. Regular and sincere dealingss between the Board and direction are another cardinal facet of a well-built administration to back up the long-run involvements of CIBC ‘s investors. Another factor of good administration is t hat it besides include being a responsible corporate citizen. CIBC is renowned as a leader in ecological concern patterns and corporate societal duty. Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cibc.com/ca/inside-cibc/governance.htmlBoard Responsibilities and Governance StructureThe Board is responsible to oversee the direction of CIBC ‘s concern and associations. The Board provides way to direction, through the Chief Executive Officer ( CEO ) , to rehearse the best involvements of CIBC. The Board ‘s has a of import function to be played in the duties that are outlined below.Strategic planningThe Board supervises the development of CIBC ‘s strategic way, procedure, program and precedences, reviews Management ‘s knowing program, approves the one-year strategic program and considers direction ‘s reappraisal of emerging tendencies, the competitory environment, hazard issues and of import concern patterns and merchandises.Hazard directionThe Board reviews direction studies on stuff hazards related with the CIBC ‘s concerns and operations, the public presentation by direction of systems to pul l off these hazards and material lacks in the map of these systems.Corporate administrationThe Board reviews CIBC ‘s progress to corporate administration, manager independency, the Code of moral rules for Directors and CIBC Code of Conduct for employees.Fiscal informationThe Board reviews CIBC ‘s internal controls depicting the fiscal information, direction studies on stuff defects associating to those controls and the unity of CIBC ‘s fiscal information and systemsCommunicationssThe Board reviews CIBC ‘s taken as a whole communications attack, procedure for having stockholder response, stuff alterations to CIBC ‘s revelation guidelines and the communicating construction between the Board and its stakeholders.Board commissionsThe Board set up commissions and their authorizations and requires commission chairs to give a study to the Board on stuff affairs considered by the commission at the following Board meeting.Director development and ratingEach mana ger participates in CIBC ‘s manager development plan. The Board assess the public presentation of the Board, its commissions and the, its commissions and managers Retrieved from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cibc.com/ca/pdf/about/corp-gov-practices.pdfOrganizational designGeographic DesignIt groups occupations on the footing of district or geographics, here we are speaking about the CIBC, which is the taking bank in Canada and it deals with the people of different geographical parts in Canada. More of the effectual and the efficient handling of a specific geographic regional issues that by and large arise within the geographic part and serve the demands of alone geographic markets better in this geographic part and the chief things in this sort of design are the duplicate of maps of the subdivision and it can experience isolated from other organisational countries of the bankFunctional DesignA functional construction is a design that groups similar or related occupational fortes together. It is the functional attack to the full organisation. Customer based Design: Every organisation would happen it really advantageous to form harmonizing to the types of clients it serves. CIBC is money imparting n service distribution Company that lends money to clients, concern clients, big concerns, and little concerns may make up one's mind to establish its primary divisions on these sorts of different markets. It is the forces can so go proficient in the service, run intoing the demands of the Bankss different clients. In this manner, an organisation that offers services like as banking or service may group its workers harmonizing to the types of clients of the bank.Merchandise DesignThe merchandise design is the design which groups the occupations by merchandise line in the system. Each of the directors in the organisation is responsible for an country within the organisational bounds depending on his/her specialisation. This design allows specialisation in peculiar merchandises and services of the banking sector and this design eve n manages the system by the manner that directors can go experts in their industry and come closer to clients and the negative factor in this is the duplicate of the system ‘s workers maps with a limited position of the organisational endsService designThe CIBC is a client service dependent organisation or the banking sector in which the clients are respected really much and are treated with regard and in this design the directors take care really much of the service offered to the clients.Hybrid designThe CIBC is this sort of the organisation in which the clients are most well-thought-of and the director will take attention of the client and the design will be created to cover with each client. Chiefly the undertaking director will cover with the client relation research and best client service.Matrix DesignCIBC organisation finds that none of the mentioned constructions meet their turning demands. The lone attack that attempts to get the better of insufficiencies is the matr ix construction, which is the combination of two or more different constructions. Functional design normally is being combined with merchandise groups on a undertaking footing. For illustration, a merchandise or a service group wants to develop a new add-on to its line ; for this undertaking, it will obtain forces from functional sections such as research, technology, production, and selling. These forces so work under the director of the merchandise group for the continuance of the undertaking, which can change greatly with mention to the completion of the undertaking.Selling channels designThe selling organisation ‘s design straight impacts ability to react rapidly to the alone kineticss of your industry, market place, and corporate aims. Selling organisations see themselves less effectual as they are disconnected from concern they are back uping, they are structured to run into yesterday ‘s demands, or have experienced a talent-decline. Over the clip, the map can acqu ire apart with the selling cognition of the industry and accomplishment degrees needed by the company, as going distanced from those driving concern in gross revenues, the market and executive direction. Marketing organisation appraisal and design Skill and cognition appraisals Productivity ratings Job design/skills demands Marketing accomplishments developing Capability edifice Marketing executive coachingDepartmentalizationThe environment is complex and unsure. And the lower-level directors are capable and experienced at doing determinations because of their engagements in the systems treatments. As such they get a voice in determinations, their determinations are comparatively minor. Here in the corporate civilization, we see that it is unfastened to directors, leting them to hold a say in what happens in the system with their determinations. The company is geographically dispersed over the peculiar part with a criterion. The effectual execution by the directors for the company ‘s lead depends on directors being involved and their flexibleness to do determinations. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.emaytrix.com/mgmt307/section3.php

CyberCrime Law Essay

The Cybercrime Law of the Philippines (also known as the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012 or Republic Act 10175) is a newly-signed act that gives us a true legal tool to combat cybercrime. A better definition is given by a press release from the Senate, a part of which says, â€Å"The Cybercrime Prevention Act lays down a comprehensive legal framework for the detection, investigation, and suppression of cybercrimes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Republic Act No. 10175, also known as the Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012, is an act that defines and punishes cybercrime to prevent and suppress its proliferation. It aims to effectively prevent and combat misuse, abuse and illegal access of the Internet by facilitating their detection, investigation, arrest and prosecution at both the domestic and international levels, and by providing arrangements for fast and reliable international cooperation. To formulate and implement a national cyber security plan, a Cybercrime Investigation and Coordinating C enter (CICC) will be created under the administrative supervision of the Office of the President. This Act is authored by Reps. Susan Yap (2nd District, Tarlac), Eric Owen Singson, Jr. (2nd District, Ilocos Sur), Marcelino Teodoro (1st District, Marikina City) and Juan Edgardo Angara (Lone District, Aurora). Other authors of the bill are Reps. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2nd District, Pampanga), Diosdado Arroyo (2nd District, Camarines Sur), Carmelo Lazatin (1st District, Pampanga), Rufus Rodriguez (2nd District,Cagayan de Oro City), Maximo Rodriguez, Jr. (Party-list, Abante Mindanao), Mariano Michael Velarde and Irwin Tieng (Party-list, BUHAY), Romeo Acop (2nd District, Antipolo City), Bernadette Herrera-Dy (Party-list, Bagong Henerasyon), Anthony Rolando Golez (Lone District,Bacolod City), Juan Miguel Macapagal-Arroyo (Party-list, Ang Galing Pinoy), Ma. Amelita Calimbas-Villarosa (Lone District, Occidental Mindoro), Antonio Del Rosario (1st District, Capiz), Winston Castelo (2nd District, Quezon City), Eulogio Magsaysay (Party-list, AVE), Sigfrido Tinga (2nd District, Taguig City) , Roilo Golez (2nd District, Paraà ±aque City), Romero Federico Quimbo (2nd District, Marikina City), Mel Senen Sarmiento (1st District, Western Samar), Cesar Sarmiento (Lone District, Catanduanes), Daryl Grace Abayon (Party-list, Aangat Tayo); Tomas Apacible (1st District, Batangas), Jerry Treà ±as (Lone District, Iloilo City), Joseph Gilbert Violago (2nd District, Nueva Ecija), Hermilando Mandanas (2nd District, Batangas), Ma. Rachel Arenas (3rd District,Pangasinan) and Ma. Victoria Sy-Alvarado (1st District, Bulacan) The newly approved law aimed at combating cybercrimes has been met with mixed reactions from the public and private sectors. This Prevention Act is a boon for local firms, particularly in the information technology sector, business groups said. Other groups meanwhile warned that the new law threatens Filipinos’ freedom of expression as well as freedom of information. But what does the anti-cybercrime law mean for the ordinary Filipino citizen? Most if not all of the offenses in the law are already crimes punishable under the Revised Penal Code. Commenting on the new law, Information and Communications Technology Association of the Philippines (ITAP) President Dondi Mapa said: â€Å"It’s not a matter of identifying new crimes but only recognizing that existing crimes now happen in a new environment.† The anti-cybercrime act itself notes under its declaration of policy that it is the state’s mechanism to adopt â€Å"sufficient powers to effectively prevent and combat such offenses by facilitating their detection, investigation, and prosecution.† The law categorizes cybercrimes into three: (1) offenses against the confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer data and systems; (2) computer-related; or (3) content-related offenses. Illegal access to computer systems, illegal interception of data, data or system interference, as well as misuse or computer systems or data belong in the first category. Also in the same group is â€Å"cyber-squatting,† which involves the acquisition of a domain name â€Å"in bad faith to profit, mislead, destroy reputation, and deprive others from registering the same.† In case of businesses, these may include the use of a domain name â€Å"similar, identical, or confusingly similar† to registered trademarks. But businesses are not the only targets of â€Å"cyber-squatters,† as the law also covers the use of personal names â€Å"identical or in any way similar with the name of a person other than the registrant.† Computer-related offenses, meanwhile, include the input, alteration or deletion of any computer data with the intent of forgery, fraud or identity theft. On the other hand, cybersex, defined under the law as the willful engagement in online sexual activities, is included in content-related offenses. Child pornography is another content-related offense in the law. The anti-cybercrime act notes that punishment to child pornography committed through a computer system will be one degree higher than the sanctions in the Anti-Child Pornography Act. Also named a content-related offense is the sending of unsolicited communication which advertise or sell products or services. Punishable acts Offenses punishable under Cybercrime Prevention Act are: * Offenses against the confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer data and systems 1. Illegal access to the whole or any part of a computer system without rights 2. Illegal interception of any non-public transmission of computer data to, from, or within a computer system 3. Data interference such as alteration, damaging, deletion or deterioration of data without rights, including the introduction or transmission of viruses 4. System (computer or computer network) interference 5. Cyber-squatting or the acquisition of a domain name over the Internet in bad faith to profit, mislead, destroy reputation, and deprive others from registering the same 6. Misuse of devices * Computer-related offenses 1. Computer-related forgery (input, alteration, or deletion of data) without rights resulting in inauthentic data, with the intent that it be considered or acted upon for legal purposes as if it were authentic 2. Computer-related fraud (input, alteration, or deletion of data or interference in the functioning of a computer system) causing damage 3. Computer-related identity theft or the acquisition, use, misuse, transfer, possession, alteration or deletion of the identifying information of another person * Content-related offenses 1. Cybersex or the engagement, maintenance, control, or operation of any lascivious exhibition of sexual organs or sexual activity, with the aid of a computer system 2. Child pornography or the unlawful acts as defined and punishable by Republic Act No. 9775 or the Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009 committed through a computer system 3. Unsolicited commercial communications which seek to advertise, sell, or offer for sale products and services 4. Libel or unlawful acts as defined in Article 355 of the Revised Penal Code * Others 1. Aiding or abetting in the commission of cybercrime 2. Attempt in the commission of cybercrime Penalties * Any person found guilty of committing cybercrime acts enumerated in the first two groups shall be punished with prisons mayor, or serving of six years and one day to twelve12 years in prison, or a fine of at least PHP 200,000 up to PHP 500,000. * A person found guilty of committing punishable acts enumerated in the first group shall be punished with reclusion temporal, or serving of 12 years and one day to 20 years in prison, or a fine of at least PHP 500,000 up to the maximum amount in proportion to the damage incurred, or both. * A person found guilty of committing cybersex shall be punished with prisons mayor, or serving of six years and one day to 12 years in prison, or a fine of at least PHP 200,000 but not exceeding PHP 1,000,000, or both. * A person found guilty of committing child pornography shall be punished with the penalties enumerated in the Republic Act No. 9775 or the Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009. * A person found guilty of committing unsolicited commercial communications shall be punished with arrest mayor, or serving of one month and one day to six months, or a fine of at least PHP 50,000 but not exceeding PHP 250,000, or both. * A person found guilty of committing other offenses enumerated in the last group shall be punished with imprisonment one degree lower than that of the prescribed penalty for the offense, or a fine of at least PHP 100,000 but not exceeding PHP 500,000, or both. Unfortunately, questions remain over the constitutionality of the law. It doesn’t help that there are people who still think they can use the law, especially a judge in Nueva Vizcaya who had an anti-mining protestor jailed over the basis of cyber libel, one of the crimes made punishable by the controversial act. But what â€Å"crimes† specifically does the suspended law target? Someone asked me for a breakdown of what is (or isn’t allowed) by the Cybercrime Law. Hereâ€℠¢s a layman’s version of what the law entails, which I call: The 10 Commandments of the Cybercrime Law of the Philippines. 1. You shall only say nice things on the Internet–This is the main fault attributed to the law: It’s a violation of the Freedom of Expression with its cyber libel provision. Thanks to this provision inserted â€Å"without knowledge† by most of the lawmakers, if you say something bad against certain people on the Internet, you can be charged in court. What’s more, according to Bayan Muna Representative Teddy Casià ±o, this not only applies to statements you make on the Internet but also on smartphones or with any device you use to access the Internet. So yes, this covers texting. 2. You cannot tell the Truth, whether joking or seriously, if it hurts someone–In relation to the 1st Commandment, regardless if you state a fact or you use satire or sarcasm or even say something in a joking tone on the ‘net, you can still be held liable for cyber libel for impugning against another person’s supposed dignity as per the anti-libel law of the Re vised Penal Code. 3. What you say can be held against you forever–According to online legal expert Atty. JJ Disini, because of the nature of your online posts, anything you posted years ago that are still live today can be still held against you in a court of law. 4. What you like can also be held against you–In relation to the 3rd Commandment, liking a FB post can be considered as abetting libel. Retweeting a probably libelous tweet might be covered here as well so be warned. 5. The government now has the power to take down your Internet–Thanks to the power given by the law, the Department of Justice, together with its arms in the National Bureau of Investigation and the Philippine National Police have the power to order the shutdown of Web sites if there is prima facie evidence of violation of the law–even without a court warrant. 6. Your Internet is required to compile evidence against you–In relation to the 5th Commandment, Internet service providers are now requ ired to keep their data for six months after which they can be forced to keep it for six more months if authorities request it. 7. You can be punished more harshly for online crimes than for real life crimes–Thanks to the wording of the law, punishment for those charged with this law is â€Å"one degree higher† than that provided for in the Revised Penal Code. Because of this, if you’re charged with online libel, you can be fined a million bucks or spend 12 months in jail. 8. You must trust the government to do the right thing in implementing the law–The government refuses to budge on this law, saying the public should trust them to come up with the proper Implementing Rules and Regulation to ensure that there won’t be abuses of the law despite the vague wording. This after the some of the lawmakers who signed the law admitted they had no idea what had gone into the law. 9. The law shall apply to all Filipinos wherever they are–Just because you think you’re not in the Philippines, you can escape jurisdiction from this Philippine law. Think again: this law has universal jurisdiction. Even your electronic devices that are situated (or even partly) in the Philippines are under jurisdiction under this law. 10. The law doesn’t really protect you–Supposedly it goes after identity-theft. However, because of the heavy provisions against online libel, a hacker can take over your account and post libelous stuff, and then pull out. From the safety of distance, he can watch the fireworks fly as the government screws you over. So yes, it can protect industries and the rich and powerful, just not you. Of course there are other issues over this law. One is that the basis for its cyber libel provision is the antiquated anti-libel law in the Philippines (which the United Nations pointedly reiterates as violating respect for freedom of expression). And there lies the irony of this law: In trying to implement tighter data security and prevent cybercrime laws like cybersex and child pornography in the country, the Philippines are using vague language like a sledgehammer to go after cybercriminals. Unfortunately, the government doesn’t seem to have any idea of the power of words–whether specific or vague–and how dangerous they can become when implemented as laws.